他们六个(2/4)

sinsistednoonehadbeenjailedbutsaidsomestrikerswereunderhousearrest.(TuscaloosaNews)

他“认错”以后,偷偷在一个朋友耳边说:“但它(地球)还在动啊!”Yetitdoesmove!(Epursimuove!)

他被关在家里,大诗人JohnMilton(当时三十岁),到Italy旅行,到Galileo家里拜访,Galileo已经瞎了,真巧,十四年后,Milton也瞎了。

JohnMilton,anEnglishpoetandpoliticalwriter,wroteoneoftheworldsgreatestepics,ParadiseLost.(一六六七)Hecomposedthisfamousepicandtwootherworks,ParadiseRegained(一六七一)andSamsonAgonistes(一六七一),whenhewastotallyblind.Milton

Galileo的头脑比时代新,所以老是倒霉。这叫“生不逢辰”(bornatawrongtime;luckless;unlucky)。

对Galileo在science方面的conclusion是——c.1600Galileoemphasizedthemathematicalinterpretationofexperimentsinscience.Hediscoveredmanyimportantphysicallaws.

第三个科学家——哈维(WilliamHarvey),活了七十九岁。

中文有句成语叫“周而复始”(torepeatthecyclealloveragain)血在人身体里就是周而复始的。发现这一现象很不容易。

但是哈维发现了。哈维也指出过Aristotle的错误,但对Aristotle的敬爱并不因而减少。哈维有一个大阔佬病人,也是他的好朋友,就是当时英国的皇帝KingCharlesI。后来CharlesI倒台,在Oxford地方哈维的许多稿本都被反对皇帝的人destroyed了,Theirlosscausedhimgreatsorrow.

对WilliamHarvey在science方面的conclusion是——1628WilliamHarveypublishedhistheoryonthecirculationoftheblood.

第四个科学家——波义尔(RobertBoyle),活了六十四岁。

波义尔是哲学家、物理学家、化学家(Boyelwasaphilosopher,aphysicistandachemist),“thefatherofmodernchemistry”。

英国最有名,也是世界最有名的学术团体——皇家学会(theRoyalSociety)创办的时候,本来要请Boyel做会长,但因为他在religion方面的原因不愿宣誓,所以没做。(WhileatOxfordhewastheleaderofagroupofscientistsknownastheInvisibleCollege,whichin1663wasincorporatedastheRoyalSocietyofLondon.AlthoughBoylewasinvitedtobepresidentofthisorganizationin1680,herefusedbecausehehadreligiousscruplesagainsttakinganoath.Boylewasdeeplyreligious.AtGenevahehadbeenunderstrongCalvinistinfluencewhichdeeplyimpressedhimandgavehislifeaseriouscharacter.)

ROYALSOCIETYistheoldestscientificsocietyintheworldandprobablythemostfamous.ThefulltitleoftheorganizationisTheRoyalSocietyofLondonforImprovingNaturalKnowledge.ItgrewoutofweeklymeetingswhichLondonscientistsheldasearlyas1645.In1660,thesocietywasofficiallyorganizedwiththeapprovalofKingCharlesII.(就是CharlesI的儿子。)

In1662,thesocietywasformallyincorporatedbycharterofCharlesIIastheRoyalSocietyofLond

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